Pepper Spray vs. REPULS Defense Spray

REPULS is formulated to deter and disrupt perpetrators with painful eye irritation and other sensory irritants without permanent injury.

• REPULS is made up of water, ammonium propionate, propionic acid, ammonium citrate and a surfactant. “Ammonium” indicates a buffered form of the acid with a more neutral pH.
• Ammonium propionate (AP) is the second major component of REPULS after water. It is used as an antiseptic, antifungal agent, preservative and antimould agent in the food and feed industries. Ammonium propionate also prevents spoilage of cosmetics by preventing bacterial growth.
• Propionic acid is produced when bacteria ferment sugars such as glucose. The propionic bacteria found naturally in human sweat glands and human intestines produce propionic acid and carbon dioxide in a fermentation reaction.
• Propionic acid is beneficial to the human body and may play a role in satiety and energy homeostasis by specific mechanisms including activation of free fatty acid receptors, reducing lipogenesis level and glucose homeostasis. Small quantities of propionic acid are used as a commercial antimicrobial agent (E 280) in many foods such as dairy products, for example, to produce the characteristic holes and nutty flavor in Swiss-type cheese.